Ubuntu 服务器常见问题

nvidia-smi 失效

驱动问题，首先检查推荐的驱动版本：

sudo ubuntu-drivers devices

如果显示 ubuntu-drivers 命令不存在，则先进行安装：

sudo apt install ubuntu-drivers-common

安装完成之后再次执行命令，得到如下结果：

tj@ps:~$ sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:17/0000:17:04.0/0000:18:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002204sv000010DEsd00001454bc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GA102 [GeForce RTX 3090]
driver   : nvidia-driver-535-server-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-515 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-560 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-555 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-520 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-550 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-555-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-535-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-565-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-535 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-565 - third-party non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-470 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-560-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-535-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-545-open - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-550-open - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-525 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-545 - third-party non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

具有 recommended 标记的就是推荐的版本，下面安装这个版本即可：

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-565

命令行连接有线网络

当图形化界面无法进入时，我们又需要网络，此时就需要从命令行连接有线网络。首先查看网卡名称：

ip link

tj@ps:~$ ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 74:56:3c:b4:68:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s0
3: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 74:56:3c:b4:68:d9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

有线网卡一般叫 eth0、enp3s0、ens33 等，然后启用网卡：

sudo ip link set enp3s0 up 

注意：ifconfig eth0 up 也可以起到同样的作用，但是 Ubuntu 18.04 之后默认推荐使用 ip/nmcli 工具

然后获取 IP 地址：

sudo dhclient enp3s0

测试连接：

ping -c 3 baidu.com

查看 IP 地址：

ip addr show enp3s0

3: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 74:56:3c:b4:68:d9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.96.70.88/16 brd 10.96.255.255 scope global dynamic enp3s0
       valid_lft 85144sec preferred_lft 85144sec
    inet6 fe80::7656:3cff:feb4:68d9/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

10.96.70.88 就是网卡的 IPv4 地址。